Plant parts

Herbal ingredients plant parts index

This page lists and defines the correct terms to use in your product application and on medicine labels if your product contains plant parts as part of its herbal ingredients.

This page will help you know where plant part terms are required in product applications and on medicine labels. The guidance will ensure that you're using the most correct plant part name from the approved names in the TBS Plant Part Code Table.

Information in the plant parts index

Plant part term

Appearing in alphabetical order, these are either commonly used names or technical terms for plant parts.
Some of these terms are not TGA approved names, or are broad descriptions of the plant part (e.g. bark). Refer to the description to confirm if it has (or is) an approved name.

Approved name

If an approved name is listed here (in bold), ensure this is used in applications and on product labels. You can search the TBS Plant Part Code Table for the bolded plant parts.
If more than one approved name is suggested, select the most correct term for the plant part used to make the ingredient.
If there is no approved name listed, follow the instructions under the Refer and compare section.

Refer and compare

Where the approved name isn't obvious (e.g. broad terms such as bark, and fruit), this section will refer you to one or more alternate names/terms to help you find the most correct approved name.

These are suggestions only, and usually (but not always) include the correct plant part.

Alternative term for label

Label AANs are optional if you need a different term for your label (if one or more is listed).

The label name will not always be listed under the approved name. When label names are not listed under the AAN, you will be referred back to the relevant plant part for the label name.

achene: seed
aerial parts: refer herb top or, if applicable, herb (contrast with whole plant)
aerial root: root aerial (label AAN: aerial root, root, root aer.)
albedo (Citrus fruit): white layer of fruit peel (mesocarp): fruit peel inner (label AAN: fruit peel in.)
androecium: stamen (label AAN: flower stamen)
anther: anther (label AAN: flower anther)
antheridium: fruiting body
archegonium: fruiting body
aril: seed aril (label AAN: aril)
arillus: seed aril
ascocarp: refer fruiting body
balsam: where applicable, refer to: oil, oleoresin, resin, gum, gum oleoresin

where not as above: where not as above: add plant part from which balsam was derived e.g. gum balsam, sap balsam, or stem balsam, as applicable, and refer to Plant Preparations code table for the preparation: e.g. fresh, extract, etc.

where none of the above apply, use balsam
balsamum: refer balsam
bark: as appropriate:

rhizome bark, rhizome bark inner, rhizome bark outer

root bark, root bark inner, root bark outer

stem bark, stem bark inner, stem bark outer

twig bark, twig bark inner, twig bark outer
bark inner: state part, e.g. refer: rhizome bark inner, root bark inner, stem bark inner, twig bark inner
bark outer: state part, e.g. refer: rhizome bark outer, root bark outer, stem bark outer, twig bark outer
basidiocarp: mushroom
bean: seed or refer bean pod, if applicable
bean pod: with bean seeds: fruit (label AAN: pod, bean pod, fruit/legume pod)

without bean seeds: fruit pericarp (label AAN: fruit peri., pod, bean pod, fruit/legume pod)
berry: This term is broader than the strict botanical meaning.

where soft fruit of flowering plants: fruit (label AAN: berry)

Do not use the label AAN 'berry' if there is any hard tissue in the fruit, e.g. not for Crataegus (hawthorn) fruits

where soft fruit of conifers, e.g. Juniperus: fruit (label AAN: berry)

where seed has a fleshy layer around the embryo, e.g. Zanthoxylum: seed
blade: where leaf-like blade of seaweeds: blade(label AAN: refer frond, if applicable)

where broad portion of leaf (lamina) without leaf stalk (petiole): leaf blade

where broad portion of leaf (lamina) with leaf stalk (petiole), i.e. whole leaf: leaf

where blade and stem: blade and stem
blade and stem: blade and stem
blossom: flower
bough: refer branch
bracket fungus: fruiting body (label AAN: bracket fungus)
bract: bract, or where applicable, seed husk ( label AAN: flower bract)
bran: seed bran (label AAN: bran)
branch: branch, or where applicable, stem or stem wood
branch terminal: branch terminal (label AAN: branch, terminal branch)

refer:

twig, twig dormant

twig flowering budding, twig flowering, twig flowering and fruiting, twig fruiting

twig leafy, twig leafy young

twig leafy flowering, twig leafy flowering and fruiting, twig leafy fruiting
branch terminal leafy: branch terminal leafy (label AAN: leafy branch, leafy terminal branch)

refer:

twig, twig dormant

twig flowering budding, twig flowering, twig flowering and fruiting, twig fruiting

twig leafy, twig leafy young

twig leafy flowering, twig leafy flowering and fruiting, twig leafy fruiting
bryophyte: refer: hornwort, liverwort, moss
bud: either leaf bud or flower bud, as applicable (label AAN: flower bud, if applicable)
bulb: bulb
bulbus: bulb
calyx: sepal (label AAN: flower sepal) - this term is broader than the strict botanical meaning.
capsule: where a moss capsule (sporangium): fruiting body (label AAN: capsule [of moss], fruit. body)

where any type of dry hollow fruit: fruit

where a simple dry fruit formed from several united ovary carpels, opening with pores or splits, e.g. lilies and poppies: fruit (label AAN: capsule) - this term is broader than the strict botanical meaning

Do not use the label AAN 'capsule' for legume pods, follicle pods, siliqua and silicule.
carcerulus: seed
caryopsis: refer fruit/seed
catkin: flower (label AAN: catkin)
caulis: stem
cell: cells of single celled, colonial and filamentous algae and fungi including yeasts (e.g. Saccharomyces), blue-green algae (e.g. Spirulina and Arthrospira) and unicellular green algae (e.g. Chlorella): cell (label AAN: may be left blank)

cell wall, where applicable
cell wall: cell wall
cellulose: refer fibre (dietary fibre)
cereal grain: refer fruit/seed
clove: clove
cone: fruit (label AAN: cone, berry, if applicable, refer strobile)

the seed-bearing body of conifers is termed a cone. Where the cone scales are fleshy and join around the seeds, as in the case of Juniperus, use fruit (label AAN: berry)
corm: corm
corolla: flower petal (label AAN: petal)
cortex: where peelings, refer to peel, fruit peel, skin, bark, bark outer, where applicable

where parenchyma, refer root pith or stem pith, as applicable
cotyledon: leaf cotyledon (label AAN: cotyledon)
cremocarp: refer fruit/seed
cypsela: fruit
drupe: fruit
embryo: seed germ
embryon: refer shoot
embryonic shoot: refer shoot
endocarp: refer fruit endocarp
endosperm: seed endosperm (label AAN: seed starch, where applicable)
endosperm liquid: seed endosperm liquid
endospermum: seed endosperm
epidermis: refer skin, or where relevant, fruit skin
exocarp: refer fruit exocarp
exocarpus: refer fruit exocarp
fasciculus: refer vascular tissue
fat: state part, e.g. seed, fruit flesh and refer Herbal Ingredients Plant Preparations index for preparation: i.e. fat
fern: refer whole plant, herb, leaf, leaf fertile, rhizome, root, fruiting body (sporangium), spore, etc.
fertile leaf: where reproductive structures are born on the leaf, e.g. sporangia on fern leaves: leaf fertile (label AAN: leaf)
fibre: where 'dietary' fibre or fibre cells, refer to fruit fibre, stem fibre, root fibre, seed fibre, seed bran, as applicable

where fibre cells, refer fruit skin fibre, root pith fibre, stem bark fibre, etc. as appropriate

where vascular tissue, refer vascular tissue
fibrous root: with or without root hairs: root (label AAN: fibrous root)
filament: refer stamen filament; or cell, leaf (needle), hyphae (of fungi), spine, thorn, as appropriate:
flavedo (Citrus fruit): coloured layer of fruit peel (mesocarp): fruit peel outer
flesh: refer: fruit flesh, root pith, stem pith, seed endosperm, as appropriate
flos: refer flower
flower: Flower refers both to flowers alone and to whole inflorescences, including branching flower stalks. Where present, leafy bracts may be included.

where whole flowers: flower (label AAN: refer flowering head)

where a cluster of flowers (infloresence) with included flower stalks (pedicels and peduncles) and any leafy bractsflower

where leaves and stems are also included: herb flowering or herb top flowering

where flower and leaf: flower and leaf

COMPARE WITH 'HERB FLOWERING' AND 'HERB TOP FLOWERING'

where only a part of the flower, refer to:

bract, flower receptacle, flower stalk (pedicel, peduncle, rachis, rachilla)

sepal, petal, tepal

stamen, stamen filament

anther, pollen, ovary, style, stigma
flower and leaf: flower and leaf
flower bud: flower bud (label AAN: fl. bud)
flower bud resin: flower bud resin (label AAN: fl. bud resin)
flower petal: flower petal (including tepal appearing as a petal) OR petal (both are correct)

(label AAN: fl. petal)
flower rachilla: flower stalk compare and refer flower
flower rachis: flower stalk compare and refer flower
flower receptacle: flower receptacle (label AAN: fl. rec.)
flower sepal: flower sepal (including tepal appearing as a sepal) (label AAN: fl. sepal)
flower stalk: flower stalk (label AAN: fl. stalk)
flowering head: flower (label AAN: flowering head)
flowering herb: herb flowering, compare and refer herb
flowering herb top: herb top flowering, compare and refer herb top
flowering top: herb top flowering, compare and refer herb top
flowering twig: twig flowering, compare and refer herb top
folium: refer leaf
follicle: fruit (label AAN: fruit pod, pod)
folliculus: fruit
frond: where leaf of ferns: leaf (label AAN: frond)

where leaf-like part of seaweeds: blade (label AAN: frond, where applicable)

where seaweed blade and stem (stipe): herb

where seaweed blade and stem (stipe) and holdfast: whole plant (label AAN: whole seaweed)
frucificatio: refer fruiting body
fructus: refer fruit
fruit: Fruit refers to the seed-bearing structure of flowering plants, including all types of simple, aggregate and multiple (compound) fruits. Fruit includes the seeds, all the surrounding tissue layers, any persistent bracts and the individual fruit stalk, and may include any branching fruit stalks.

where the whole fruit including the seeds, the surrounding soft/leathery/hard fruit tissue and any individual fruit stalks: fruit (label AAN: refer hip, cone)

where any type of dry hollow fruit: fruit (label AAN: refer capsule)

where a simple dry fruit formed from several united ovary carpels, opening with pores or splits, e.g. lilies and poppies: fruit (label AAN: refer capsule)

bean/legume pod with bean seeds: fruit (label AAN: refer pod)

where soft fruit of flowering plants: fruit (label AAN: refer berry)

where soft fruit of conifers, e.g. Juniperus: fruit (label AAN: refer berry)

where the whole fruit including shell and seed (dry, hard, single-seeded fruit that does not split open regularly), e.g. acorn, hazel nut: fruit (label ANN: refer nut)

where fruit is a legume (pea or bean pod), follicle, siliqua or silicula AND includes seeds: fruit (label AAN: refer pod)

pod with fruit and seeds: fruit (label AAN: refer pod)

where a strobile of a flowering plant: fruit (label AAN: refer strobile)

where leaves and stems are also included: herb fruiting or herb top fruiting

gourd: fruit (label AAN: refer gourd)

Refer also:

where a fruiting (reproductive) body of an algae, seaweed, fungus, lichen, liverwort, moss, hornwort, fern, refer fruiting body

where the whole fruit looks like a seed, e.g. wheat, borage parsley, aniseed, fennel, refer fruit/seed

where only a single part of the fruit, refer fruit stalk, fruit pericarp, fruit epidermis, fruit exocarp, fruit skin, fruit mesocarp, fruit peel, fruit peel outer, fruit peel inner, fruit hull, fruit shell, fruit flesh, fruit pith, fruit endocarp, fruit without juice, fruit vascular tissue, seed
fruit endocarp: fruit endocarp (label AAN: fruit endo.)

refer fruit shell, if applicable
fruit epidermis: fruit skin
fruit exocarp: outer layer of fruit (exocarp): fruit exocarp (label AAN: fruit exo.)

also refer to fruit skin, fruit peel, fruit rind or fruit hull, where applicable.
fruit fibre: fruit fibre
fruit flesh: exocarp and mesocarp, e.g. pitted cherry: fruit flesh

mesocarp, e.g. peeled and stoned peach: fruit flesh

endocarp, e.g. juice cells of orange: fruit flesh

various tissues, e.g. peeled pineapple, peeled apple: fruit flesh
fruit hull: outer tough/leathery layer of fruit (exocarp), e.g. leathery walnut hull outside walnut shell: fruit hull (label AAN: walnut hull, if applicable)

where hard/stony layer of fruit, refer fruit shell
fruit husk: where sepals (often papery/leafy) remaining around fruit: sepal

where bracts (often papery) from around seed: seed husk
fruit juice: if juice of fruit: fruit juice

refer juice
fruit mesocarp: fruit mesocarp (label AAN: fruit meso.)

refer fruit flesh, fruit peel inner, fruit pith, as appropriate:
fruit oleoresin: fruit oleoresin
fruit pedicel: fruit stalk
fruit peduncel: fruit stalk
fruit peel: exocarp + mesocarp, e.g. orange peel: fruit peel

other tissue, e.g. apple peel: fruit peel

exocarp only: refer fruit skin
fruit peel inner: mesocarp, e.g. white layer (albedo) of Citrus (oranges, lemons, etc.): fruit peel inner
fruit peel outer: endocarp, e.g. coloured layer (flavedo) of Citrus (oranges, lemons, etc.): fruit peel outer
fruit pericarp: all fruit tissue except seeds, e.g. legume pods without the seeds (pericarp = exocarp + mesocarp + endocarp): fruit pericarp (label AAN: fruit peri., refer bean pod)
fruit pith: central pithy tissue that seeds attach around (placenta): fruit pith

mesocarp, e.g. granadilla flesh: fruit pith

refer fruit flesh or fruit peel inner, if applicable:
fruit pitted: refer fruit flesh
fruit pulp: fruit without juice, if applicable

refer fruit flesh orfruit
fruit rachilla: fruit stalk
fruit rachis: fruit stalk
fruit resin: fruit resin
fruit rind: refer fruit peel
fruit rind inner: fruit peel inner
fruit rind outer: fruit peel outer
fruit seed: refer seed and fruit/seed
fruit seedless: refer fruit pericarp
fruit shell: outer hard layer of fruit (i.e. pericarp is hard/stony, not tough/leathery), e.g. hazelnut shell: fruit shell (label AAN: shell)

inner hard/stony layer around seed (e.g. endocarp in a drupe), e.g. walnut and almond shells: fruit shell

inner hard/stony shell (as above) with enclosed seed: seed & fruit shell

refer fruit
fruit skeleton: fruit vascular tissue
fruit skin: exocarp/epidermis, e.g. peach skin, tomato skin: fruit skin
fruit skin fibre: fruit skin fibre
fruit stalk: fruit pedicel, peduncle, rachis, rachillas: fruit stalk
fruit stone: where stone only, refer fruit shell

where stone and seed, refer nut
fruit vascular bundles: fruit vascular tissue
fruit vascular tissue: nutrient-conducting tissue (xylem and phloem), sometimes stringy, e.g .bean pod strings: fruit vascular tissue (label AAN: fruit vasc.)
fruit wax: fruit wax
fruit without juice: fruit without juice, refer also fruit pulp
fruit/seed: Fruits that contain very little tissue other than the seeds are described in some pharmacopoeias as a fruit and in others as seeds.

Where:

two-seeded schizocarp of the Umbelliferae/Apiaceae family (which includes celery, parsley, carrot, coriander, cumin, anise and fennel), the schizocarp should be named in product applications as fruit/seed (label AAN: either fruit or seed)

referring to fruits that are composed almost entirely of seed tissue, seed is usually the correct term, but in some cases fruit is also correct

dry splitting two-seeded cremocarp schizocarps of Umbellifera/Apiaceae family including species of Aegopodium (goatweed), Ammi (bisnaga), Anethum (dill), Angelica, Anthriscus (chervil), Apium (celery), Bupleurum, Carum (caraway), Cicuta (cowbane), Conium (hemlock), Coriandrum (coriander), Crithmum (samphire), Cuminum (cumin), Daucus (carrot), Eryngium (eryngo), Ferula (galbanum), Foeniculum (fennel), Heracleum (cow parsnip), Hydrocotyle, Levisticum (lovage), Ligusticum (lovage), Myrrhis (sweet chervil), Oenanthe (dropwort), Petroselinum (parsley), Pimpinella (anise, burnet saxifrage), Sanicula (sanicle) and Zizia (golden Alexanders): either seed or fruit may be used, both are correct

dry single-seeded caryopsis of the Graminae/Poaceae grass family, including Avena (oats), Oryza (rice), Secale (rye), Triticum (wheat), Zea (corn, maize): seed

four-seeded carcerulus schizocarps, e.g. Labiatae/Lamiaceae family (Mentha (mints), Ocimum (basil), etc.) and Boraginaceae family (Borago (borage), etc.): seed

single-seeded achenes, e.g. Ranunculus (buttercup): seed

cypselas with no pappus, e.g. some Compositae/Asteracea: seed

many-seeded lomentum schizocarps, e.g. pea pods that fragment: seed
fruiting body: where a strobile of a horsetail, e.g. Equisetum: fruiting body (label AAN: fruit. body refer strobile, refer cone)

where a fern spore cluster (sporangium): fruiting body (label AAN: fruit. body, refer sporangium)

where a fruiting body of a moss, liverwort or hornwort (sporangium, archegonium or antheridium): fruiting body (label AAN: fruit. body, refer sclerotium, capsule (of moss), toadstool, as applicable)

where a fruiting body of a fungus, not with a mushroom shape (e.g. acsocarp): fruiting body (label AAN: fruit. body, refer puff ball, bracket fungus, as applicable)

where a fruiting body of a lichen: fruiting body (label AAN: fruit. body)

where an algae/seaweed fruiting body (sporangium or gametangium): fruiting body (label AAN: fruit. body, spore body, as applicable)

where a moss capsule (sporangium): fruiting body (label AAN: fruit. body, refer capsule)

COMPARE WITH FRUIT

refer mushroom, mushroom cap, mushroom stem
fruiting herb: herb fruiting, refer herb
fruiting herb top: herb top fruiting, refer herb
fruiting top: herb top fruiting, refer herb top
fruiting twig: twig fruiting, refer herb top
fungus: mushroom-shaped spore-bearing bodies of basidiomycetes: mushroom (label AAN: whole fungus)

all other types of spore-bearing bodies of fungi: refer fruiting body

for basidiocarp or ascocarp, etc. (e.g. mushroom, puff ball, bracket fungus): refer fruiting body

refer whole plant, cell, hyphae, spore
gall: gall
galla: gall
gallnut: gall
gemma: refer bud
germ: seed germ
glume: bract or, if applicable, seed husk
gourd: fruit (label AAN: gourd)
grain (of cereal): refer fruit/seed
grain bract: seed husk
grain glume: seed husk
grain husk: seed husk
gram: where seeds of legume plants, e.g. beans: seed
gum: gum and refer to Plant Preparation code table for preparation: e.g. fresh, extract, etc.
gum balsam: gum balsam and refer to Plant Preparation code table for preparation: e.g. fresh, extract, etc.

refer oil, oleoresin, resin, gum, gum oleoresin, as applicable
gum oleoresin: gum oleoresin and refer to Plant Preparation code table for preparation: e.g. fresh, extract, etc.
gummi: refer gum
gynoecium: ovary (label AAN: flower ovary)
heartwood: refer root heartwood or stem heartwood, as applicable
herb: all the aerial parts present at harvesting when only vegetative parts are present - that is, the reproductive structures of flowers and fruits are not present: herb

stems with attached leaves where there is little flower or fruit material in the harvest (not with root or rhizome): herb

where seaweed thallus without holdfast: herb

where seaweed blade and stem (stipe): herb

COMPARE WITH HERB TOP AND WHOLE PLANT

Refer also to herb young, herb flowering, herb fruiting, herb flowering and fruiting, sprout, shoot, leaf, leaf fertile, fungus or cell, if applicable:
herb flowering: stems with attached leaves where flowers always present and little fruit material in the harvest (not with root or rhizome): herb flowering (label AAN: herb fl.)
herb flowering and fruiting: stems with attached leaves where flowers and fruit material are always present in the harvest (not with root or rhizome), use: herb flowering and fruiting (label AAN: herb fl.fr.)
herb fruiting: stems with attached leaves where fruit always present and little flower material in the harvest (not with root or rhizome): herb fruiting (label AAN: herb top fr.)
herb top: terminal ends of stems/branches with attached leaves where there is little flower or fruit material in the harvest (not with root or rhizome): herb top

COMPARE WITH HERB AND WHOLE PLANT

Refer and compare with:

branch terminal, branch terminal leafy

herb top flowering, herb top flowering and fruiting, herb top fruiting, herb top young, shoot top

twig, twig dormant, twig flowering, twig flowering budding, twig fruiting, twig flowering and fruiting

twig leafy, twig leafy flowering, twig leafy flowering and fruiting, twig leafy fruiting, twig leafy young
herb top flowering: terminal ends of stems/branches with attached leaves where flowers always present and little fruit material in the harvest (not with root or rhizome): herb top flowering (label AAN: herb top fl., flowering herb top)
herb top flowering and fruiting: terminal ends of stems/branches with attached leaves with flowers and fruit material always present in the harvest (not with root or rhizome): herb top flowering and fruiting (label AAN: herb top fl. fr., flowering & fruiting herb top)
herb top fruiting: terminal ends of stems/branches with attached leaves with fruit always present and little flower material in the harvest (not with root or rhizome): herb top fruiting (label AAN: herb top fr, fruiting herb top.)
herb top young: terminal ends of stems/branches of immature plant with attached leaves (not with root or rhizome) before flowers or other reproductive structures form and before stems become woody: herb top young (label AAN: herb top)
herb young: immature stems with attached leaves where there is little flower or fruit material in the harvest (not with root or rhizome) before flowers or other reproductive structures form: herb young
herba: refer herb and herb top
hesperidium (Citrus): fruit
hip (of Rosa): where whole fruit including seeds: fruit (label AAN: rose hip)

where fruit without seeds: fruit pericarp (label AAN: fruit peri., rose hip)
holdfast (seaweed): holdfast
hornwort: refer whole plant, herb, leaf, rhizoid, spore, fruiting body (archegonium, anteridium, sporangium), etc.
horsetail (e.g. Equisetum): refer whole plant, herb, stem, sterile stem, ('stem' includes any whorls of minute leaves), leaf, rhizome, fruiting body (strobile), spore, etc.
hull: refer fruit hull
husk: seed husk, if applicable

refer fruit peel, if applicable
hyphae (of fungi): hyphae
hypocotyl: hypocotyl
inflorescence: refer flower
inflorescentia: refer flower
juice: refer fruit juice

state part, e.g. leaf, stem and refer Plant Preparation code table for preparation, e.g. juice fresh, juice dry, juice concentrated
juice cells (of Citrus): fruit flesh

or fruit juice (refer to Herbal Ingredients Plant Preparations index for 'juice')

where fruit pulp without juice: fruit without juice
kernel: seed (label AAN: kernel)
kernel shell: refer fruit shell
kino: state part, e.g. root wood kino
lamina: leaf blade
lateral root: root lateral (label AAN: lateral root, root lat., root)
latex: latex
leaf: where true leaf, including leaf blade and stalk of simple leaf, or leaflets and stalks in compound leaf, with any stipules and axillary buds: leaf (label AAN: refer needle, if applicable)

leaf like structures of simple plants such as mosses: leaf

where leaf of fern or fern frond without spores: leaf (label AAN: refer frond, where applicable)

where broad portion of leaf (lamina) with leaf stalk (petiole), i.e. whole leaf: leaf

where the leaf has a specialised form, more accurate terms should be used - for example clove and bulb

where leaf-like blade/frond of seaweed: blade (label AAN: refer frond)

where leaf-like stems with tiny or absent leaves, e.g. Equisetum (horsetail): stem
leaf and stem: refer herb and herb top
leaf and twig: refer herb top
leaf blade: where broad portion of leaf (lamina) without leaf stalk (petiole): leaf blade (label AAN: frond)

where leaf-like blade of seaweeds: blade (label AAN: frond)
leaf bud: leaf bud
leaf bud resin: leaf bud resin
leaf cotyledon: leaf cotyledon (label AAN: cotyledon, leaf cot.)
leaf fertile: where reproductive structures are born on the leaf, e.g. sporangia on fern leaves: leaf fertile

where fern frond with spores: leaf fertile
leaf inner: leaf inner (e.g. of Aloe: leaf in. juice fresh/extract, etc.) (label AAN: inner leaf, leaf in., leaf)
leaf inner juice: leaf inner juice (e.g. of Aloe: leaf in. juice extract, etc.) (label AAN: leaf in. juice)
leaf outer: leaf outer
leaf rachilla: leaf rachilla
leaf rachis: leaf rachis
leaf radicle: leaf radicle (label AAN: leaf)
leaf resin: leaf resin
leaf skeleton: leaf vascular tissue (label AAN: leaf skeleton, leaf vasc.)
leaf stalk: leaf stalk
leaf vascular bundles: leaf vascular tissue (label AAN: leaf vasc.)
leaf vascular tissue: leaf vascular tissue (label AAN: leaf vasc.)
leaf wax: leaf wax, refer wax
leaf young: leaf young (label AAN: leaf)
leaflet: leaf (label AAN: leaflet)
legume pod: with pea/bean seeds: fruit (label AAN: pod, pea pod, bean pod, fruit pod, legume pod)

without pea/bean seeds: fruit pericarp (label AAN: fruit peri. pod, pea pod, bean pod, fruit pod, legume pod)
legume seed: seed (label AAN: pea seed, bean seed)
legumen: refer legume pod
lichen: refer whole plant, fruiting body, spore, etc.
lignin: refer fibre (dietary)
lignum: refer wood
liverwort: refer whole plant, herb, leaf (where leaf-like), rhizoid, spore, fruiting body (sporangium, archegonium or antheridium), etc.
lycopod (e.g. Lycopodium): refer whole plant, herb, stem, leaf, root, strobile, spore, etc.
medulla: refer pith
mesocarp: refer fruit mesocarp
mesocarpium: refer fruit mesocarp
moss: refer whole plant, herb, stem, leaf, rhizoid, spore, fruiting body (sporangium capsule, archegonium or antheridium)
mushroom: where fruiting body of fungus, with a mushroom (or toadstool) shape (basidiocarp): mushroom (label AAN: toadstool, if applicable)

where fruiting body of fungus, not with a mushroom shape (e.g. ascocarp): fruiting body (label AAN: fruit. body, refer puff ball, bracket fungus, if applicable)

For specific parts of the mushroom, refer also mushroom cap, mushroom stem, etc.
mushroom cap: where the cap of a mushroom, use mushroom cap (label AAN: toadstool cap, if applicable)
mushroom stem: mushroom stem (label AAN: toadstool stem, if applicable)
mycelium (of fungi): hyphae or refer cell
needle (of conifer): leaf (label AAN: needle)
node: node
nodule: root nodule
nodule and root: root and root nodule
nodus: node
nut: where seeds or kernels only: seed (label AAN: kernel, if applicable)

where the whole fruit, including the shell and seed (dry, hard, single-seeded fruit that does not split open regularly), e.g. acorn, hazel nut: fruit (label AAN: nut)

where the seed and inner shell from a fruit (drupe), with the outer soft or leathery layer removed, e.g. walnuts, almonds: seed & fruit shell (label AAN: seed & shell)
nut shell: refer fruit shell
nux: refer nut
oil: state part, e.g. seed, herb or flower, as applicable, and refer to the Plant Preparation code tables for preparation, e.g. oil fixed, oil essential, oil infused
oleoresin: state part, e.g. gum oleoresin, fruit oleoresin, stem bark oleoresin and refer to the Plant Preparation code tables for preparation, e.g. fresh or extract
ovary: ovary (label AAN: flower ovary)
ovary stigma: stigma (label AAN: flower stigma)
ovary style: style (label AAN: flower style)
parenchyma: refer pith
pea: seed (label AAN: pea)
pea pod: with pea seeds: fruit (label AAN: pod, pea pod, fruit pod, legume pod)

without pea seeds: fruit pericarp (label AAN: fruit peri. pod, pea pod, fruit pod, legume pod)
pedicel: either flower stalk or fruit stalk, as applicable
pedicellus: refer pedicel
peduncle: either flower stalk or fruit stalk, as applicable
peel: state part, e.g. fruit peel, root peel, rhizome peel, stem peel, twig peel, etc. as applicable

refer also skin, fruit peel, bark, bark outer
pepo: fruit
pericarp: refer fruit pericarp
pericarpium: refer fruit pericarp
petal: petal (label AAN: flower petal)

OR

flower petal (both are correct)

where tepal appearing as a petal: petal
petiole: leaf stalk
phloem: refer bark and vascular tissue
pinna: leaf
pinnule: leaf
pith: state part, e.g. stem pith or root pith, as applicable

refer fruit pith
placenta: refer fruit flesh and fruit pith
plant: refer herb, herb top and whole plant
plant immatura: refer herb young
plantula: sprout
plumula: plumule
plumule: plumule
pod: where fruit is a legume (pea or bean pod), follicle, siliqua or silicula AND includes seeds: fruit (label AAN: fruit pod, pod, pea pod, bean pod, legume pod, follicle pod, all as applicable)

where fruit is as above, without seeds: fruit pericarp (label AAN: fruit peri. fruit pod, pod, pea pod, bean pod, legume pod, follicle pod)

where fruit is not as above, with seeds: fruit (label AAN: fruit pod, pod)

where fruit is not as above, without seeds: fruit pericarp (label AAN: fruit peri.)
pollen: where collected by mechanical means: pollen

where collected by bees, use the Australian approved biological substance name 'Pollen' to name the substance
pomace (of apples): refer fruit pulp
pome: fruit
pressed seed cake: pressed seed cake
pteridophyte: refer fern, horsetail (e.g. Equisetum), lycopod (e.g. Lycopodium)
puff ball: fruiting body (label AAN: fruit. body, puff ball)
pulp: refer fruit pulp or stem pith, as applicable
pulse: where seeds of legume plants, e.g. beans: seed (label AAN: bean seed)
rachilla: leaf stalk, fruit stalk or flower stalk, as applicable
rachis: leaf stalk, fruit stalk or flower stalk, as applicable
radix: root
ramu: refer twig entries under herb top and refer stem
ramulus: refer twig entries under herb top and refer stem
receptacle: flower receptacle (label AAN: fl. rec.)
recetaculum: flower receptacle
resin: state part, e.g. flower bud resin, stem resin, or stem bark resin, as applicable
resina: refer resin
rhizoid: root
rhizoma: rhizome
rhizome: rhizome
rhizome and root: root and rhizome (label AAN: root & rhiz.)
rhizome and root and stolon: root and rhizome and stolon (label AAN: root, rhizome and stolon, root, rhiz & stolon)
rhizome and stolon: rhizome and stolon (label AAN: rhiz and stolon, rhiz & stolon)
rhizome bark: rhizome bark (label AAN: rhiz. bark)
rhizome bark inner: rhizome bark inner (label AAN: rhizome bark, rhiz. bark, rhiz. bark in.)
rhizome bark outer: rhizome bark outer (label AAN: rhizome bark, rhiz bark, rhiz. bark outer)
rhizome heartwood: rhizome heartwood (label AAN: rhizome wood, rhiz. heartwood, rhiz. wood)
rhizome oleoresin: rhizome oleoresin
rhizome peel: rhizome peel or rhizome skin, if applicable
rhizome sapwood: rhizome sapwood (label AAN: rhizome wood, rhiz. wood)
rhizome skin: rhizome skin or rhizome peel, if applicable
rhizome wood: rhizome wood (label AAN: rhiz. wood)
rind: refer peel, fruit peel, skin, bark, bark outer
root: all or most of the rooting system, such as fibrous roots and tap roots with any lateral roots and nodules: root (label AAN: refer taproot, fibrous root if applicable)

true roots with or without root hairs and root-like rhizoids: root (label AAN: rhizoid)

where only some of the rooting system is used, refer root lateral, root aerial or root nodule

an underground stem is also used, name each part (e.g. root & rhizome)
root aerial: root aerial (label AAN: aerial root, root aer.)
root and rhizome: root and rhizome (label AAN: root & rhiz.)
root and rhizome and stolon: root and rhizome and stolon (label AAN: root, rhiz. & stolon)
root and root nodule: root and root nodule (label AAN: root & root nodule)
root and stolon: root and stolon (label AAN: root & stolon)
root bark: root bark
root bark inner: root bark inner (label AAN: root bark)
root bark outer: root bark outer (label AAN: root bark)
root epidermis: root skin
root fibre: root fibre
root heartwood: root heartwood (label AAN: root wood)
root lateral: root lateral (label AAN: lateral root, root lat.)
root nodule: root nodule
root peel: root peel or root skin, if applicable
root pith: root pith or root pith fibre, if applicable
root pith fibre: root pith fibre
root sapwood: root sapwood (label AAN: root wood)
root skin: root skin or root peel, if applicable
root tap: root tap
root vascular bundles: root vascular tissue (label AAN: root vasc.)
root vascular tissue: root vascular tissue (label AAN: root vasc.)
root wood: root wood
root wood inner: root heartwood (label AAN: root wood)
root wood kino: root wood kino
root wood outer: root sapwood (label AAN: root wood)
samara: fruit
sap: sap and refer to Plant Preparations code table for the preparation: e.g. fresh, powder, extract, etc.
sap balsam: refer oil, oleoresin, resin, gum, gum oleoresin, or sap resin, as appropriate

where not as above: sap balsam and refer to Plant Preparations code table for the preparation: e.g. fresh, extract, etc.
sap resin: sap resin
sapwood: Refer root sapwood, stem sapwood, twig sapwood, rhizome sapwood, as applicable
sawdust: refer wood
scape: scape
scapus: scape
schizocarp: refer fruit/seed
schlerenchyma: refer fibre
sclerotium: fruiting body (label AAN: fruit. body, spore body)
scobis: refer wood
seaweed: refer whole plant, holdfast, stem (stipe), blade (or if applicable, frond), fruiting body (gametangium, sporangium)
seed: seed

where seed has a fleshy layer around the embryo, e.g. Zanthoxylum: seed

where seeds/kernels only: seed

refer also fruit/seed
seed and fruit shell: where seed and inner shell from a fruit (drupe) with the outer soft or leathery layer removed, e.g. walnuts, almonds: seed and fruit shell (label AAN: seed & shell)
seed aril: seed aril (label AAN: aril)
seed bran: seed bran (label AAN: bran)
seed coat: seed coat
seed coat aril: seed aril (label AAN: aril)
seed embryo: seed germ
seed endosperm: seed endosperm (label AAN: seed endo., seed starch, if applicable), refer endosperm liquid, if applicable
seed epidermis: seed skin or seed bran, if applicable
seed fibre: seed fibre
seed germ: seed germ
seed germinating: refer sprout
seed husk: seed husk, including where bracts (often papery) from around seed
seed mucilage: seed mucilage
seed shell: refer fruit shell
seed skin: seed skin, or where applicable, seed bran
seed sprout: refer sprout
seed/fruit: refer fruit/seed
semen: seed
sepal: sepal (label AAN: flower sepal)

where sepals (often papery/leafy) remaining around fruit: sepal

where tepal appearing as a sepal: sepal
shell: refer fruit shell
shoot: immature stem offshoots of mature plant: shoot

where only the stem: stem

also refer shoot top and compare herb and herb top
shoot top: terminal ends of immature stems with leaves, emerging as offshoots of a mature plant: shoot top
silicula: fruit (label AAN: fruit pod, pod)
siliqua: fruit (label AAN: fruit pod, pod)
silk (of corn, Zea): style or stigma (both are correct) (label AAN: flower style, flower stigma)
skin: state applicable part, e.g. fruit skin, root skin, rhizome skin, stem skin, twig skin

refer also peel, fruit peel, bark, or bark outer, where relevant
sorosis: fruit
spina: refer to spine or thorn, as applicable
spine: spine
spora: spore
sporangium: where an algae/seaweed fruiting body (sporangium or gametangium): fruiting body (label AAN: fruit. body, spore body, refer capsule or mushroom, if applicable)

where a fern spore cluster (sporangium): fruiting body (label AAN: spore body)

where a fruiting body of a moss, liverwort or hornwort (sporangium, archegonium or antheridium): fruiting body
spore: spore
sprout: germinating seed with first leaves: sprout

refer also herb and herb top for comparison
stalk: refer stem, stolon, twig, leaf stalk (petiole), flower stalk or fruit stalk (pedicel, peduncle), leaf rachis and leaf rachilla, flower rachis and flower rachilla or fruit rachis and fruit rachilla
stamen: stamen (label AAN: flower stamen)
stamen anther: anther (label AAN: flower anther)
stamen filament: stamen filament (label AAN: flower filament, stamen fil.)
staminis: stamen
stem: central stem(s) and the branches: stem (label AAN: vine stem, where applicable)

where stem growth form not specialised: stem

where leaf-like stems with tiny or absent leaves, e.g. Equisetum (horsetail): stem

where stipe of seaweed or flowering plant: stem (refer also flower stalk, or fruit stalk, as applicable)

where stem growth form specialised, refer rhizome, stolon, corm, tuber, bulb (includes leaves), etc.

where other plant parts are included, refer herb, herb top, whole plant and related terms.
stem and leaf: refer herb and herb top

where leaf-like stems with tiny or absent leaves, e.g. Equisetum (horsetail): stem
stem balsam: refer oil, oleoresin, resin, gum, gum oleoresin, as applicable

where not as above: stem balsam and refer Plant Preparation code table for preparation: e.g. fresh, extract, etc.
stem bark: stem includes branches and twigs,use stem bark (label AAN: bark)
stem bark fibre: stem bark fibre (label AAN: bark fibre)
stem bark inner: stem bark inner (label AAN: inner bark, stem bark in., bark)
stem bark oleoresin: stem bark oleoresin (label AAN: bark oleoresin)
stem bark outer: stem bark outer (label AAN: outer bark, bark)
stem bark resin: stem bark resin (label AAN: bark resin)
stem epidermis: stem skin
stem fibre: stem fibre
stem gum: refer gum
stem heartwood: stem heartwood (label AAN: heartwood, wood)
stem latex: latex
stem peel: stem peel or stem skin, if applicable
stem pith: stem pith
stem resin: stem resin
stem sap: refer sap
stem sapwood: stem sapwood (label AAN: sapwood, wood)
stem skin: stem skin or stem peel, if applicable
stem sterile: stem
stem vascular bundle: stem vascular tissue (label AAN: stem vasc.)
stem vascular tissue: stem vascular tissue (label AAN: stem vasc.)
stem wood: stem wood (label AAN: wood)
stem wood resin: stem wood resin (label AAN: wood resin)
stigma: stigma and refer silk (label AAN: flower stigma)
stigma and style: stigma and style
stipe: where of seaweed: stem

where of flowering plant: stem, flower stalk, or fruit stalk, as applicable
stipulae: stipule
stipule: stipule
stolon: stolon
stolon and rhizome: rhizome and stolon (label AAN: rhizome & stolon, rhiz. & stolon)
stolon and root: root and stolon (label AAN: root & stolon)
stolon and root and rhizome: root and rhizome and stolon (label AAN: root, rhizome & stolon)
stoma: stoma
strobile: where a strobile of a flowering plant: fruit (label AAN: strobile, cone, if applicable)

where a strobile of a horsetail, e.g. Equisetum: fruiting body (label AAN: fruit. body, strobile)
strobilus: flower
stromata: stromata
style: style and refer silk (label AAN: flower style)
stylus: refer style
styrax: refer resin
succus: refer sap
synconus: fruit
taproot: root (label AAN: taproot)
tepal: where appearing as a petal: petal (label AAN: flower petal)

where appearing as a sepal: sepal (label AAN: flower sepal)
testa: seed coat
testa aril: seed aril (label AAN: aril)
thallus: refer whole plant
thallus blade: blade (label AAN: frond, if applicable)
thallus frond: blade (label AAN: frond)
thallus holdfast: holdfast
thallus stipe: stem
thorn: thorn
toadstool: refer mushroom
top: refer herb top
truewood: refer heartwood
trunk: stem (label AAN: trunk)
trunk bark: refer stem bark
trunk wood: refer stem wood
tuber: tuber
turiones: refer twig leafy young
twig: twigs without leaf, flower or fruit: twig
twig bark: twig bark
twig bark inner: twig bark inner (label AAN: twig bark inner, twig bark, twig bark in.)
twig bark outer: twig bark outer (label AAN: twig bark outer, twig bark)
twig dormant: dormant twigs with or without flower buds and/or leaf buds but without leaf, flower or fruit: twig dormant

compare herb top
twig flowering: twigs with flowers always present, with little leaf or fruit: twig flowering

refer twig flowering budding and herb top
twig flowering and fruiting: twigs with flowers and fruits always present with little leaf: twig flowering and fruiting

refer twig flowering, twig fruiting, twig flowering budding and herb top
twig flowering budding: twigs with flower buds always present with little leaf, flower or fruit: twig flowering budding
twig fruiting: twigs with fruits always present with little leaf or flower: twig fruiting

refer herb top
twig heartwood: twig heartwood (label AAN: twig wood)
twig leafy: leafy twigs where there is little flower or fruit material in the harvest: twig leafy
twig leafy flowering: leafy twigs with flowers always present, with little fruit: twig leafy flowering
twig leafy flowering and fruiting: leafy twigs with flowers and fruits always present: twig leafy flowering and fruiting
twig leafy fruiting: leafy twigs with fruits always present, with little flower: twig leafy fruiting
twig leafy young: leafy twigs where the twigs are less than a year old: twig leafy young
twig peel: twig peel or twig skin, if applicable
twig sapwood: twig sapwood (label AAN: twig wood)
twig skin: twig skin or twig peel, if applicable
twig wood: twig wood
twig young: refer entries under herb top
underground parts: state parts, e.g. root or rhizome or root and rhizome
vascular bundles: refer vascular tissue
vascular tissue: state part, e.g. fruit vascular tissue, stem vascular tissue, root vascular tissue

refer fibre (cells)
vine: specify part, e.g. stem, herb etc.
vine herb: refer entries under herb
vine stem: stem (label AAN: vine stem)
wax: state part, e.g. leaf wax, fruit wax etc. and refer to Plant Preparation code table for preparation: fresh, extract, etc.
whole plant: where entire plant body, including any underground parts, holdfasts and reproductive structures: whole plant (label AAN where applicable: whole fungus, whole lichen, whole seaweed, whole moss, whole horsetail, whole liverwort, whole hornwort, whole fern)

refer to entry naming each type of plant to ensure all parts are included - loss of the fine root hairs/rhizoids is expected

where entire thallus of seaweed (blade/frond, stem (stipe) and holdfast and reproductive structures): whole plant

where entire hyphae (mycelia) and fruiting bodies: whole plant

where only aerial parts, refer herb and herb top

where mushroom-shaped part of fungus, refer fruiting body

where single celled, filamentous and colonial algae or fungi, refer cell
wood: refer:

fruit (or capsule, if applicable), fruit shell

rhizome heartwood, rhizome sapwood, rhizome wood, as applicable

root heartwood, root sapwood or root wood, as applicable

stem heartwood, stem sapwood, stem wood, as applicable

twig heartwood, twig sapwood or twig wood, as applicable
wood inner: refer heartwood
wood outer: refer sapwood
xylem: refer wood and refer vascular tissue
xylem primary: refer sapwood and refer vascular tissue
xylem secondary: refer heartwood

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